Lukas Matousek graduated from the Conservatory in Prague (1967), where he studied the clarinet (with Milan Kostohryz), conducting (with Vaclav Smetacek), and composition (with Zdenek Hula), then he completed a two-year course of electronic music in Czechoslovak Radio. In the years 1969-1975 he took private lessons of composition from Miloslav Kabelac. In 1981 Matousek graduated from the Janacek Academy of Performing Arts in Brno, having studied composition there with Ctirad Kohoutek. In 1979 he studied medieval music in London as a scholarship holder of British Council. Matousek was active in 1970s as a professor of clarinet, in 1980s as a recording director of Czechoslovak Radio, and in 1990s as a music director and dramaturgist of CD label Studio Matous. From 2000 to 2006 he was employed as repertory manager of the Prague Symphony Orchestra, and since 2001 he has been teaching at the Academy of Perfoming Arts in Prague.
He is the founder (1963) and director of the vocal-instrumental ensemble Ars Cameralis. In this ensemble, which performs medieval and contemporary music, Matousek plays the clarinet and historical instruments. He is considered as an expert in medieval music and medieval musical instruments. With his ensemble Ars Cameralis he gives plenty of concerts in many countries, he recorded several CDs and also much other music for European Radio and TV stations.
Since the early 1960s Matousek have inclined in his compositions to dodecaphony and "New music". For some time in the 1970s he was also influenced by aleatory and timbre composition. At the same time he have always tried to look for the mutual links between the principles of the music of our time and those of the closer and more distant history of music. In the 1970s and 1980s his music was more often performed abroad (also at leading music festivals in the world) than at home. The reason being the ban of his Cantata, which responded to the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and the subsequent award it won at an international competition in Nürnberg. Among performers of Matousek's music are for example such conductors as Sir Charles Mackerras, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Jiri Belohlavek or Ole Schmidt. Since the early 1990s his music is more often performed and recorded also in his native country.